Using modern biotechnology, scientists are able to modify genetic material to improve an organism’s characteristics. While this technology can generate significant benefits, there are concerns that it may have adverse impacts on biodiversity and human health.

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, a supplementary treaty to the Convention on Biological Diversity, is an international agreement that aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of organisms that have been modified using modern biotechnology. The Protocol aims to guard against adverse effects on biological diversity, also taking also into account risks to human health. The Protocol, adopted 29 January 2000, entered into force in 2003. Lesotho is a signatory to the Protocol, having ratified the Protocol on the 20 September 2001.

Lesotho is currently implementing a Biosafety project titled “UNEP-GEF Multi-Country Project to Strengthen Institutional Capacities On LMO Testing In Support Of National Decision Making” with the aim to provide adequate conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, taking into account human health and the environment.